Examples of Commonly Observed Emission Designators

100HN0N Speed Radar (10525 MHz X band; 24150 MHz Ka band).
100KC3F ReconRobotics surveillance robot video (430-450 MHz).
100KP0N CODAR oceanographic RADAR (swooping signals on HF with approx. 1 second sweep time) 12 – 14 MHz.
10K0F1D LTI Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) system – LT6 Radio Modem.
10K0F1D Motorola 3600 baud trunked control channel on narrowband channel.
10K0F1D RD-LAP 9.6 kbps data on narrowband channel.
10K0F1D * Motorola Widepulse ASTRO simulcast control channel.
10K0F1D * Motorola Widepulse ASTRO simulcast data.
10K0F1E * Motorola Widepulse ASTRO simulcast voice.
10K1F3E Frequency modulated (FM) 2.5 kHz deviation analog voice, "narrowband 12.5 kHz" (FMN mode in RadioReference.com Database). Commonly used as a designator in Australia and Canada, identical to 11K2F3E.
10M0D7D Public Safety LTE (all four emissions used) 10 MHz bandwidth.
10M0G2D Public Safety LTE (all four emissions used) 10 MHz bandwidth.
10M0G7D Public Safety LTE (all four emissions used) 10 MHz bandwidth.
10M0W7W Public Safety LTE (all four emissions used) 10 MHz bandwidth.
11K0F1D Narrowband digital data, using frequency modulation without modulating sub-carrier.
11K0F1E Digital voice using frequency modulation without modulating sub-carrier.
11K0F2D Digital data using frequency modulation with modulating sub-carrier.
11K0F2E Digital voice using frequency modulation with modulating sub-carrier.
11K0F3E Narrowband analog voice, considered by the FCC to be identical to 11K2F3E.
11K2F1D POCSAG paging (narrowbanded, i.e., Swissphone alerting).
11K2F1E Digital voice frequency modulated without modulating sub-carrier.
11K2F2D Frequency modulated (FM) 2.5 kHz deviation audio frequency shift keying within a 12.5 kHz channel spacing. Commonly used for 1.2 kbps packet, FFSK station alerting, and AFSK outdoor warning siren signaling.
11K2F2E Digital voice frequency modulated with modulating sub-carrier.
11K2F3D Frequency modulated (FM) 2.5 kHz deviation DTMF or other audible, non-frequency shift signaling, such as Whelen outdoor warning sirens or “Knox-Box®” activation.
11K2F3E Frequency modulated (FM) 2.5 kHz deviation analog voice, "narrowband 12.5 kHz" (FMN mode in RadioReference.com Database) – may also be 11K0 and 11K3 bandwidth in the United States, may also be 10K1 or 12K5 bandwidth in Australia or Canada.
11K2F9W Formerly and incorrectly used as a catch-all narrowband emission for analog and digital use. Each appropriate emission should be listed discretely.
11K3F3E Frequency modulated (FM) 2.5 kHz deviation analog voice, “narrowband 12.5 kHz” (FMN mode in RadioReference.com Database) – may also be 11K0 and 11K3 bandwidth in the United States, may also be 10K1 or 12K5 bandwidth in Australia or Canada.
11K3F9W Frequency modulated (FM) 2.5 kHz deviation analog voice and data, “narrowband 12.5 kHz” (FMN mode in RadioReference.com Database) – may also be 11K0 and 11K3 bandwidth in the United States, may also be 10K1 or 12K5 bandwidth in Australia or Canada.
12K1F9W Harris OpenSky (NPSPAC – 4 slot).
12K5F2D AX.25 audio frequency-shift keying data link layer protocol includes amateur radio APRS and packet.
12K5F2E Frequency modulated (FM) 2.5 kHz deviation analog voice, "narrowband 12.5 kHz" (FMN mode in RadioReference.com Database) commonly used as a designator in Australia and Canada, identical to 11K2F3E.
13K1F9W Harris OpenSky (SMR – 4 slot).
13K6F3E Frequency modulated (FM) analog voice, 3.8 kHz deviation (900 MHz).
13K6W7W Motorola iDEN (900 MHz).
14K0F1D Motorola 3600 baud trunked control channel (NPSPAC).
14K0F3E EDACS Analog Voice (NPSPAC).
150HA1A Continuous Wave Telegraphy (manually read Morse Code).
15K4F9W Harris OpenSky (SMR – 4 slot Data/Voice).
16K0F1D RD-LAP 9.6 data on wideband channel (NPSPAC).
16K0F1D * Motorola 3600 baud trunked control channel; also used for RD-LAP 9.6kbps data.
16K0F2D * 4 kHz deviation FM audio frequency shift keying (72 MHz fire alarm boxes).
16K0F3D Freqeuncy modulated analog data
16K0F3E * Frequency modulated (FM) analog voice, 4 kHz deviation (NPSPAC); (FM mode in RadioReference.com Database).
16K0G1D EPIRB (406 MHz).
16K8F1E * Encrypted Quantized Voice (Motorola DVP, DES, DES-XL on NPSPAC).
170KP0N CODAR oceanographic RADAR above 24 MHz.
17K7D7D Motorola HPD High Performance Data – “Astro 25" suite, as Motorola HAI (High performance data Air Interface), 700/800 MHz, requires 25 kHz channel spacing.
1K00J2D MT63-1000 100 WPM.
1K12XXA Dual carrier NDB (non-directional beacon) with 1020 Hz modulation.
1M25F9W CDMA Cellular.
200KF8E Broadcast FM with Subsidiary Communications Subcarrier (SCS).
200KF8EHF Broadcast FM with Subsidiary Communications Subcarrier and Frequency-Division Multiplexing (Australia).
20K0D1E Reduced power TETRA – PowerTrunk 4/TDMA fixed-end (voice).
20K0D1W Reduced power TETRA – PowerTrunk 4/TDMA fixed-end (simultaneous mixed modes).
20K0D7D Reduced power TETRA (data).
20K0D7E Reduced power TETRA (voice).
20K0D7W Reduced power TETRA (simultaneous mixed modes).
20K0F1D RD-LAP 19.2 kbps within a wideband channel (2013 compliant, meets data throughput requirement).
20K0F1E * Encrypted Quantized Voice (Motorola DVP, DES, DES-XL – NOT P25 DES-OFB/AES).
20K0F3D * Frequency modulated (FM) 5 kHz deviation DTMF or other audible, non-frequency shift signaling, such as Whelen outdoor warning sirens or “Knox-Box®” activation.
20K0F3E * Frequency modulated (FM) analog voice, 5 kHz deviation; "wideband 25 kHz" (FM mode in RadioReference.com Database).
20K0F9W A "catch-all" designator originally intended for a number of simultaneous emissions, but has been misused as a single designator to indicate multiple types of operation.
20K0G7W Motorola iDEN (800 MHz).
20K0W7W Motorola iDEN (800 MHz).
20K1D1D Reduced power TETRA – PowerTrunk 4/TDMA fixed-end (data).
20M0X2D INMARSAT BGAN, FleetBroadband and SwiftBroadband satellite broadband terminals.
21K0D1W TETRA ETS 300 392 Standard.
22K0D7D TETRA (data).
22K0D7E TETRA (voice).
22K0D7W TETRA (simultaneous mixed modes).
22K0DXW TETRA Subscriber Units (mobiles and control stations).
24M0G7F Quadrature Phase Shift Keyed modulation digital video with digital audio/data via satellite or microwave.
250KF3E Television Broadcast Audio (NTSC analog).
25K0D7W TETRA (voice, data, or simultaneous mixed modes in Australia).
2K00J2D MT63-2000 200 WPM.
2K04A3A Single carrier NDB (non-directional beacon) with 1020 Hz modulation.
2K80J2B HF RTTY (Radio Teletype).
2K80J2D HF PACTOR-III.
2K80J3E Amplitude modulated (AM) analog 2.8 kHz voice, single sideband suppressed carrier (USB or LSB, not at the same time) (SSB mode in RadioReference.com Database).
2K90J3E Amplitude modulated (AM) analog 2.9 kHz voice, single sideband suppressed carrier (USB or LSB, not at the same time) (SSB mode in RadioReference.com Database).
2M40W7D Remote Control Video (digital, non-NTSC).
300KG7W EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution).
300KGXW GSM Cellular.
30K0DXW TDMA Cellular (North America).
30M0D7W Microwave Link Transmitter using 2048 QAM in 30 MHz bandwidth.
36M0F3F Compressed analog video with associated audio via satellite or microwave.
36M0F3F Quadrature Phase Shift Keyed modulated digital video with associated audio via satellite or microwave.
3K00H2B HF ALE MIL-STD-188-141A/FED-STD-1045.
3K00J3E Amplitude Compandored Sideband (eSSB) (pilot tone/carrier) 3.0 kHz voice.
3K30F1D 6.25 kHz SCADA link (CalAmp Viper SC – 173 MHz).
3K50J3E Amplitude Compandored Sideband (eSSB) (pilot tone/carrier) 3.5 kHz voice.
3M00W7W SouthernLinc LTE (all four emissions used) 3 MHz bandwidth.
3M81F1D NASA PCM/FM ground downlink data.
40K0F8W AMPS Cellular.
41K7Q7W Iridium satellite terminals (1.616-1.626 GHz).
41K7V7W Iridium satellite terminals (1.616-1.626 GHz).
42M6D7W Microwave Link Transmitter Quadrature Phase Shift Keyed modulation.
45M2D7W Microwave Link Transmitter 16 QAM 45 MHz.
45M8D7W Microwave Link Transmitter 32 QAM 45 MHz.
47M1D7W Microwave Link Transmitter 256 QAM 47 MHz.
47M8D7W Microwave Link Transmitter 128 QAM 47 MHz.
4K00F1D 6.25 kHz data NXDN (Narrow IDAS, NEXEDGE).
4K00F1E 6.25 kHz voice NXDN (Narrow IDAS, NEXEDGE).
4K00F1W 6.25 kHz voice and data NXDN (Narrow IDAS, NEXEDGE) frequency modulated without modulating sub-carrier.
4K00F2D 6.25 kHz analog CW ID NXDN (Narrow IDAS, NEXEDGE).
4K00F2W 6.25 kHz voice and data NXDN (Narrow IDAS, NEXEDGE) frequency modulated with modulating sub-carrier.
4K00F7WDT NXDN 6.25 kHz digital voice and data (IDAS, NEXEDGE). (Canada)
4K00J1D Amplitude Compandored Sideband (eSSB) (pilot tone/carrier).
4K00J2D Amplitude Compandored Sideband (eSSB) (pilot tone/carrier).
4K00J3E Amplitude Compandored Sideband (eSSB) (pilot tone/carrier) 4.0 kHz voice.
4K50J3E Amplitude Compandored Sideband (eSSB) (pilot tone/carrier) 4.5 kHz voice.
4M00G7F Compressed digital video with associated audio via satellite or microwave.
4M15G1D NASA International Space Station SQPN/SQPSK C2V2 (Common Communications for Visiting Vehicles) return data.
4M15G1D NASA International Space Station SSS-BPSK for C2V2 (Common Communications for Visiting Vehicles) link forwarding.
4M31G1D NASA/SpaceX SS-BPSK Dragon ground uplink data.
4M80G1D NASA Tracking and Data Relay Satellites SS-SOQPSK return data.
500HJ2D MT63-500 50 WPM.
500HXXA Dual carrier NDB (non-directional beacon) with 400 Hz modulation.
500KD7W Broadcast Radio Digital Studio to Transmitter Link 2048 kbps 32 QAM.
500KF8W Broadcast Radio Analog Studio to Transmitter Link.
55K0P0N CODAR oceanographic RADAR (swooping signals on HF with approx. 1 second sweep time) 3.5 – 5 MHz.
5K00J3E Amplitude Compandored Sideband (eSSB) (pilot tone/carrier) 5.0 kHz voice.
5K60F2D SCADA.
5K60G1D NASA BPSK half-rate data for link forwarding and command links.
5K76G1E P25 Phase I CQPSK voice (typically used for simulcast systems – this is NOT P25 Phase II).
5M00D7D Public Safety LTE (all four emissions used) 5 MHz bandwidth.
5M00G2D Public Safety LTE (all four emissions used) 5 MHz bandwidth.
5M00G7D Public Safety LTE (all four emissions used) 5 MHz bandwidth.
5M00W7W Public Safety LTE (all four emissions used) 5 MHz bandwidth.
5M75C3F Television, NTSC analog video (with 250K0F3E aural carrier).
60H0J2B PSK31.
6K00A3E Amplitude modulated (AM) analog voice, double sideband full carrier (AM mode in RadioReference.com Database).
6K00F1D SCADA Carrier Frequency Shift Keying.
6K00F2D SCADA Audio Frequency Shift Keying.
6K00F3D SCADA Analog data that is not AFSK (variable tone, DTMF, etc.).
6K00J3E Amplitude Compandored Sideband (eSSB) (pilot tone/carrier) 6.0 kHz voice.
6K50F1D SCADA/Data 4.8 GFSK in 12.5 kHz channelspace (LMR use by CalFire for AVL).
6M00C7W Television, ATSC Digital TV (video and audio).
6M00F3F Compressed analog video with associated audio via satellite or microwave.
6M00F3F QPSK modulated digital video with associated audio via satellite or microwave.
7K30F1D Futurecom “MOBEXCOM” DVRS (mobile repeater) data (P25 waveform, slightly narrower occupied bandwidth).
7K30F1E Futurecom “MOBEXCOM” DVRS (mobile repeater) voice (P25 waveform, slightly narrower occupied bandwidth).
7K34FXDJN 2-slot DMR (Motorola MOTOTRBO) TDMA data. (Canada)
7K60F1D 2-slot DMR (Motorola MOTOTRBO) TDMA data.
7K60F1E 2-slot DMR (Motorola MOTOTRBO) TDMA voice.
7K60F1W 2-slot DMR (Motorola MOTOTRBO) TDMA data and voice.
7K60F7WDT 2-slot DMR (Motorola MotoTRBO and Various Tier 3) TDMA data + voice. (Canada)
7K60FXD 2-slot DMR (Motorola MOTOTRBO) TDMA data.
7K60FXDJN 2-slot DMR (Motorola MOTOTRBO) TDMA data. (Canada)
7K60FXE 2-slot DMR (Motorola MOTOTRBO) TDMA voice.
7K60FXW 2-slot DMR (Motorola MOTOTRBO) TDMA data and voice.
800HA2A Single carrier NDB (non-directional beacon) with 400 Hz modulation.
8K00F1D P25 Phase I C4FM data.
8K00F2D Frequency Modulated digital data with modulating sub-carrier.
8K10DXW P25 Phase II 4 Level H-CPM Data/Voice (Harmonized Continuous Phase Modulation – H-CPM).
8K10F1D P25 Phase I C4FM data.
8K10F1E P25 Phase I C4FM voice (P25 mode in RadioReference.com Database).
8K10F1W P25 Phase II subscriber units (Harmonized Continuous Phase Modulation – H-CPM).
8K30F1D 12.5 kHz data NXDN (Wide IDAS, NEXEDGE).
8K30F1E 12.5 kHz voice NXDN (Wide IDAS, NEXEDGE).
8K30F1W P25 Phase I C4FM hybridized voice and data applications (most commonly seen on trunked licenses).
8K30F7W NXDN 12.5 kHz digital voice and data (Wide IDAS, NEXEDGE).
8K40F1D P25 Phase I (4 Level C4FM Data).
8K40F1E P25 Phase I (4 Level C4FM Voice).
8K40F9W Harris OpenSky (NPSPAC – 4 slot Data/Voice).
8K50F9W Harris OpenSky (2 slot narrowband).
8K70D1W P25 Linear Simulcast Modulation ASTRO (9.6 kbps in 12.5 kHz channel spacing).
9K20F1D Zetron-based alphanumeric paging/alerting system (seen in practice using Daniels base stations).
9K20F2D Zetron-based alphanumeric paging/alerting system (seen in practice using Daniels base stations).
9K30F1D SCADA/ EOD Robot Remote Control.
9K36F7W Yaesu System Fusion C4FM (Voice Wide * Voice Narrow + Data * Data Wide).
9K70D1W P25 Linear Simulcast Modulation “WCQPSK” voice (per Harris MASTR-V literature).
9K70F1D P25 Linear Simulcast Modulation “WCQPSK” data (per Harris MASTR-V literature).
9K70F1E P25 Linear Simulcast Modulation “WCQPSK” voice (per Harris MASTR-V literature).
9K80D7W P25 Phase II fixed-end 2-slot TDMA (Harmonized Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keyed modulation – H-DQPSK), per Motorola literature.
9K80F1D P25 Phase II fixed-end 2-slot TDMA H-DQPSK data, per Harris MASTR-V literature.
9K80F1E P25 Phase II fixed-end 2-slot TDMA H-DQPSK voice (interpolation of MASTR-V literature).
* When used between 136 – 470 MHz in Part 90 use, this technology is not compliant with 2013 narrowbanding requirements and must be discontinued by January 1, 2013. As of January 1, 2011, this emission may no longer be applied for between 136 – 470 MHz in Part 90 use, unless the applicant certifies that the station equipment meets the narrowband efficiency standard, or the licensee has been granted a waiver of the January 1, 2013 deadline for that station.
VHF Low Band has not been required to narrowband. A 20K0 emission bandwidth continues to be acceptable for nearly all uses.
Revised 7/11/2022

Microwave emissions: Check with your manufacturer regarding equipment type, configuration, and throughput

Note: As most communications systems are unique, these emission designators are presented for informational purposes only. They are not intended to be a definitive guide to licensing. If you are unsure of the correct emission designator to use, consult an authoritative source familiar with your particular system and its particular configuration. When in doubt, consult your system’s manufacturer. This is not intended to be an all-inclusive list. Some of the terms used in this list are trademarks of their respective manufacturers.

The company, product and service names used in this listing are for identification purposes only. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

For additions, corrections, and comments, send to [email protected]

Emission Designators: The following system of designating emission, modulation and transmission characteristics shall be employed.

a) Emissions are designated according to their classification and their necessary bandwidth.
b) A minimum of three symbols are used to describe the basic characteristics of radio waves. Emissions are classified and symbolized according to the following characteristics.
1. First Symbol – type of modulation of the main carrier.
2. Second Symbol – nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier
3. Third Symbol – type of information to be transmitted.
c) First Symbol – types of modulation of the main carrier.
1.Emission of an unmodulated carrier N
2.Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude-modulated (including cases where sub-carriers are angle-modulated):
Doubled-sideband A
Single-sideband, full carrier H
Single-sideband, reduced or variable level carrier R
Single-sideband, suppressed carrier J
Independent sidebands B
Vestigial sideband C
3. Emission in which the main carrier is angle-modulated:
Frequency modulation F
Phase Modulation G
Note: Whenever frequency modulation “F” is indicated, Phase modulation “G” is also acceptable.
4. Emission in which the main carrier is amplitude and angle- modulated either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence D
5. Emission of pulses:
Sequence of unmodulated pulses P
   A sequence of pulses:
   Modulated in amplitude K
   Modulated in width/duration L
   Modulated in Position/Phase M
   In which the carrier is angle-modulated during the period of pulse Q
   Which is a combination of the foregoing or is produced by other means V
6. Cases not covered above, in which an emission consists of the main carrier modulated, either simultaneously or in a pre-established sequence, in a combination of two or more of the following modes amplitude, angle, pulse W
7. Cases not otherwise covered X
d) Second Symbol – nature of signal(s) modulating the main carrier:
1. No modulating signal 0
2. A single channel containing quantized or digital information without the use of a modulating sub-carrier, excluding time-division multiplex 1
3. A single channel containing quantized or digital information with the use of a modulating sub-carrier, excluding time-division multiplex 2
4. A single channel containing analog information 3
5. Two or more channels containing quantized or digital information 7
6. Two or more channels containing analog information 8
7. Composite system with one or more channels containing quantized or digital information, together with one or more channels containing analog information 9
8. Cases otherwise not covered X
e) Third symbol – type of information to be transmitted:
1. No information transmitted N
2. Telegraphy – for aural reception A
3. Telegraphy – for automatic reception B
4. Facsimile C
5. Data transmission, telemetry, telecommand D
6. Telephony (including sound broadcasting) E
7. Television (video) F
8. Combination of the above W
9. Cases not otherwise covered X

Bandwidths

a) Occupied bandwidth: The frequency bandwidth such that, below its lower and above its upper frequency limits, the mean powers radiated are each equal to 0.5 percent of the total mean power radiated by a given emission.

b) Necessary bandwidth: For a given class of emission, the minimum value of the occupied bandwidth sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required for the system employed under specified conditions. Emission useful for the good functioning of the receiving equipment as, for example, the emission corresponding to the carrier of reduced carrier systems, shall be included in the necessary bandwidth.

1. The necessary bandwidth shall be expressed by three numerals and one letter. The letter occupies the position of the decimal point and represents the unit of bandwidth. The first character shall be neither zero nor K, M and G.

2. Necessary Bandwidths: between 0.001 and 999 Hz shall be expressed in Hz (letter H); between 1.00 to 999 KHz shall be expressed in KHz (letter K); between 1.00 and 999 MHz shall be expressed in MHz (letter M); between 1.00 and 999 GHz shall be expressed in GHz (letter G).

3. Examples

0.002 Hz ->H002 6 KHz ->6K00
0.1 Hz ->H100 12.5 KHz ->12K5
25.3 Hz ->25H3 180.4 KHz ->180K
400 Hz ->400H 180.5 KHz ->181K
2.4 KHz ->2K40 180.7 KHz ->181K

Standard Channel Spacing/Bandwidth

Frequency Band ( MHz) Channel Spacing (KHz) Authorized Bandwidth (KHz)
Below 25 2
25-50 20 20
72-76 20 20
150-174 7.5 1 25/11.25/6 1, 3
216-220 5 6.25 20/11.25/6
220-222 5 4
406-512 2 6.25 1 25/11.25/6  1, 3, 6
806-809/851-854 12.5 20
809-824/854-869 25 20 6
896-901/935-940 12.5 13.6
902-928 4
929-930 25 20
1427-1432 5
2450-2483.5 2, 3
Above 2500 2

1 For stations authorized on or after August 16, 1995

2 Bandwidths for radiolocation stations in the 420-450 MHz band and for stations operating in bands subject to this footnote will be reviewed and authorized on a case-by-case basis.

3 Operations using equipment designed to operate with a 25 kHz channel bandwidth will be authorized a 20 kHz bandwidth. Operations using equipment designed to operate with a 12.5 kHz channel bandwidth will be authorized a 11.25 kHz bandwidth. Operations using equipment designed to operate with a 6.25 kHz channel bandwidth will be authorized a 6 kHz bandwidth. All stations must operate on channels with a bandwidth of 12.5 kHz or less beginning January 1, 2013, unless the operations meet the efficiency standard of §90.203(j)(3).

4 The maximum authorized bandwidth shall be 12 MHz for non-multilateration LMS operations in the band 909.75-921.75 MHz and 2 MHz in the band 902.00-904.00 MHz. The maximum authorized bandwidth for ultilateration LMS operations shall be 5.75 MHz in the 904.00-909.75 MHz band; 2 MHz in the 919.75-921.75 MHz band; 5.75 MHz in the 921.75-927.25 MHz band and its associated 927.25-927.50 MHz narrowband forward link; and 8.00 MHz if the 919.75-921.75 MHz and 921.75-927.25 MHz bands and their associated 927.25-927.50 MHz and 927.50-927.75 MHz narrowband forward links are aggregated.

5 See §90.259.

6 Operations using equipment designed to operate with a 25 kHz channel bandwidth may be authorized up to a 22 kHz  bandwidth if the equipment meets the Adjacent Channel Power limits of §90.221.

NOTE: The actual emission that should be added to the license application is the emission designation as listed on the equipment’s type acceptance.  This information should be available in the technical specifications for your radios as listed by the manufacturer.